The Hindu Lead Article (Throttled at the grass roots) – Sep 09, 2019

by Pradeep Choudhary

Posted on 10-September-2019 11:43:02 AM    0 Comments    2271 view(s)



The Hindu Lead Article (Throttled at the grass roots) – Sep 09, 2019

 

  1. throttle (verb) – suppress, control/restrict, stifle.
  2. grass root (noun) – the most basic level of an organisation.
  3. hamstrung (adjective) – counterproductive, ineffective/ineffectual,  futile/pointless.
  4. bidding (noun) – command, order, instruction.
  5. decentralisation (noun) – the process of distributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or authority.
  6. devolve (verb) – delegate, pass down, transfer/assign.
  7. accountable (adjective) – answerable, responsible.
  8. in spite of (phrase) – despite, notwithstanding, regardless of.
  9. fanfare (noun) – publicity, media attention, display/showiness.
  10. ground (noun) – reason, cause, basis/factor.
  11. devolution (noun) – decentralization, delegation, distribution.
  12. envision (verb) – imagine, visualize, envisage.
  13. imply (verb) – say indirectly, suggest, hint.
  14. back (verb) – support, endorse, uphold.
  15. basket (noun) – group.
  16. the wherewithal (noun) – resources, funds, reserves, money.
  17. carry out (phrasal verb) – conduct, perform, execute.
  18. not by a long shot (phrase) – by no means, not at all, in no way.
  19. enjoin (verb) – prohibit, ban/bar, prevent.
  20. habitation (noun) – place of residence, house, dwelling (place), abode.
  21. sanitation (noun) – it generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the  safe disposal of human urine and faeces (Courtesy: WHO).
  22. provision (noun) – facilities, services, amenities.
  23. lie in (phrasal verb) – be present, be contained, exist.
  24. set apart (phrasal verb) – distinguish, differentiate, single out/separate.
  25. nail in the coffin (phrase) – an event/action that was considered as a harmful/destructive to something (a situation/person) which is already becoming weak.
  26. furthermore (adverb) – moreover, in addition, additionally.
  27. subsequently (adverb) – afterwards, later on, eventually.
  28. alibi (noun) – defence, justification, explanation.
  29. matrix (noun) – pattern, form; environment/situation.
  30. delimitation (noun) – an act of fixing boundary or limits.
  31. downside (noun) – drawback, disadvantage, stumbling block.
  32. centralisation (noun) – the process of having functions, powers, people or things only in a central location or authority.
  33. a host of (noun) – lot, large number, great quantity.
  34. beaming (adjective) – expression of an emotion (happy, cheerful, smiling/laughing).
  35. homily (noun) – lecture, discourse, talk.
  36. inimical (adjective) – hostile, unfriendly, opposed/unfavourable.
  37. ring fence (verb) – guarantee that (funds allocated for a particular plan) will not be spent on anything else.
  38. taint (verb) – corrupt, infect, damage.
  39. travesty (noun) – misrepresentation, distortion/perversion, poor imitation.
  40. champion (verb) – advocate, promote, support.
  41. outrage (noun) – indignation, fury, anger.
  42. shortchange (verb) – treat unfairly, defraud, deceive, trick.
  43. allege (verb) – declare, affirm, claim.
  44. strike (a) deal (phrase) – to come to an agreement.
  45. behest (noun) – instruction, requirement, wish/desire.
  46. decentralise (verb) – transfer of the power/control (of a department/organisation/government) from a single place to other locations.
  47. erroneously (adjective) – incorrectly, in a mistaken way.
  48. curb (verb) – restrain, restrict, control.
  49. revitalise (verb) – re-energize, strengthen, revive.
  50. erroneous (adjective) – wrong, incorrect, in error.
  51. pretend (verb) – claim, profess, make believe.
  52. cosmetic (adjective) – superficial, outward, external.
  53. facilitate (verb) – make easier, clear the way for, assist/help.
  54. thrust (verb) – force, push, drive.
  55. reluctant (adjective) – unwilling, disinclined, unenthusiastic.
  56. top-down (adjective) – hierarchical; controlled, directed, or organized from the top level.
  57. accountability (noun) – responsibility, liability, answerability.
  58. messy (adjective) – complex, intricate, confused.
  59. appropriate (verb) – allocate, assign, allot, earmark, set apart.
  60. robust (adjective) – strong, powerful, tough.
  61. get off someone’s back (phrase) – to stop bothering/criticizing someone about something.
  62. stay away (phrasal verb) –  avoid, eschew, abstain, fend off/hold off.
  63. hold (someone) to account (phrase) – to require a person to explain or to accept responsibility for his or her actions; to blame or punish someone for what has occurred


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